PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.